{"id":50459,"date":"2021-05-17T10:32:53","date_gmt":"2021-05-17T07:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omathimatikos.gr\/?p=50459"},"modified":"2021-05-17T10:37:13","modified_gmt":"2021-05-17T07:37:13","slug":"%ce%b5%ce%bc%ce%b2%cf%8c%ce%bb%ce%b9%ce%b1-%ce%ba%ce%b1%ce%b9-%ce%b1%ce%bd%cf%84%ce%b9%ce%b5%ce%bc%ce%b2%ce%bf%ce%bb%ce%b9%ce%b1%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%82-%ce%bc%ce%b9%ce%b1-%ce%b4%ce%b9%ce%b1%ce%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/omathimatikos.gr\/?p=50459","title":{"rendered":"\u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2: \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 220 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1!"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h4><strong>\u03a3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 17 \u039c\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1749 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03bb\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1, \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7! <\/strong><\/h4>\n<h4><strong>\u038a\u03c3\u03c9\u03c2 1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 5 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\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u2013 \u039f \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0388\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 (1796) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u2013 \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u2013 \u039f \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 (1853) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 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\u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2.&nbsp;<strong>\u039f \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd.<\/strong>&nbsp;\u03a4\u03bf 1806 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u039b\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf Merriam Webster\u2019s, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 antivaccine (vaccine=\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf) \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 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src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__4_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__4_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__4_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__1_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__1_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__1_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__1_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__1_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__2_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__2_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__2_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__2_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__2_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__3_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__3_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__3_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__3_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__3_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1715 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\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 13 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 21 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03ae\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u2019 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u03a7\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf. \u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 18\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b7 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\u03b2\u03bf\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 14 \u039c\u03b1\u0390\u03bf\u03c5 1796 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf, James Phipps, \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b7\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd (\u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03b7) \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2 Sarah Nelmes, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03cd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1. \u0395\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 1 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 1796, \u03bf \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03b4\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 James \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9 \u03bf \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 1797, \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03af\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5. \u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd, \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03be\u03b9, \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9, \u0394\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03af, \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 Jobst Bose (1769) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf \u0386\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c2 Benjamin Jesty (1770). (\u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac Richard Horton, \u00abMyths in medicine\u00bb, WIKIPEDIA, Benjamin Jesty). \u03a0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1796 \u03bf \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 13 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 11 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac \u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 30% \u2013 40% \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 3%. \u03a4\u03bf 1798 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u00ab \u0388\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1, \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7.<br \/>\n\u039f \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1, \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 vaccination(\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf virus(\u03b9\u03cc\u03c2). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03b7 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u0395\u03ba\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f 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\u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 300 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd. \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1807 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 20.000 \u03bb\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf 1809, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03c4\u03bf 1815, \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03c1\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2. \u03a0\u03ad\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca \u03c4\u03bf 1823.<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceNonEditable server-side-component\" data-component=\"Atcom.Sites.ProtoThema.Components.HtmlSnippets.Images\" data-configuration-type=\"Atcom.Sites.ProtoThema.Models.HtmlSnippets.ImagesConfiguration, Atcom.Sites.ProtoThema\">\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__5_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__5_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__5_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__5_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__5_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__6_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__6_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__6_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__6_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__6_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__7_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__7_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__7_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__7_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__7_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u038c\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u2026 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5, \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1806 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 anti-vaccine, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u00bb; \u0391\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac antivaccinists(\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Merriam-Webster\u2019s \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1913, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7), \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac antivaccinisti(\u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc Lo Zingarelli \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1822) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2. \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b7 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2\u00bb, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u00ab\u03a3\u03a5\u039d\u0391\u0393\u03a9\u0393\u0397 \u039d\u0395\u03a9\u039d \u039b\u0395\u039e\u0395\u03a9\u039d\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7 (\u03ad\u03ba\u03b4. 1900), \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 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\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3.\u0391. \u039a\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1900, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2, \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u00ab\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u00bb \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2. \u0388\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03be\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 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\u038a\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03ca\u03c4\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a7\u03ad\u03bd\u03bb\u03b5\u03ca, \u03c4\u03bf \u039c\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd. \u03a4\u03bf 1853, \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf \u03b7 \u00abAnti-VaccinationLeague\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c8\u03ae\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1867, \u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b7 \u00abAnti-Compulsory Vaccination League\u00bb (\u039b\u03af\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc).<br \/>\n\u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf William Hume-Rothery \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03cc \u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c6\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1870 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1880, \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c. \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0391\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1: \u00abAnti-Vaccination Inquire\u00bb (1879).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u039f\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b7. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 40% \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 90%! \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf 1874, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03bb\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03c7\u03cc\u03bb\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c. \u0392\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 100.000 \u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039b\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1 \u03c4\u03bf 1885, \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1896, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd. \u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1898 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03ad\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c1\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ae \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2, \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u00abconcientions objector\u00bb \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb. \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb, \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2. \u039f \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, objecteur de conscience, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (1933).<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceNonEditable server-side-component\" data-component=\"Atcom.Sites.ProtoThema.Components.HtmlSnippets.Images\" data-configuration-type=\"Atcom.Sites.ProtoThema.Models.HtmlSnippets.ImagesConfiguration, Atcom.Sites.ProtoThema\">\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__9_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__9_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__9_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__9_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__9_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__10_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__10_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__10_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__10_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__10_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__11_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__11_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__11_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__11_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__11_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__12_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__12_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__12_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__12_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__12_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"center\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__13_.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 639px)\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w640\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__13_.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" lazyloaded\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__13_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"emol__13_\" data-src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/i1.prth.gr\/images\/w880\/files\/2020-12-26\/emol__13_.jpg?w=700&#038;ssl=1\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\"><\/picture><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c6\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03c0, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 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\u0393\u03b9\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c6 \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5. \u03a4\u03bf 1895, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Yersin \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Haffkin, \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c2). \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Ferran, Haffkin, Kolle \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Castellani. \u039f\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Chantemesse, Widal \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Vincent, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03bf\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u2019 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1923, \u03bf Ramon \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c6\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf 1926, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03ba\u03af\u03c4\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 Ramon \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Zoeller, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5\u00bb \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03ba\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039a\u03bf\u03c7, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd Calmette \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Guerin\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf 1906, \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 BCG(\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf). \u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03af\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0397.\u03a0.\u0391. \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd J. Salk, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf 1955. \u03a4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1960, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03bf\u03bc\u03c5\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03cc. \u039c\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf Sabin, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b6\u03c9\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03b9\u03cc. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03b7\u03c2 (1949 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 1953), \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u0397 \u03b5\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ac, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf, \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u00ab\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5\u00bb (1979).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd 20\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03cc\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd.\u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 MartinKaufman: \u00ab\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>21\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2: \u0397 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd<br \/>\n<\/strong><br \/>\n\u03a9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cc\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb \u03bc\u03af\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 21\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<br \/>\n\u03a7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Jim Hugles, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u00abDenverPost\u00bb (24\/3\/2005).<\/p>\n<p>\u00abA handful of parents and anti-vaccine activists told law makers on the House Health and Human Services Committee that they believe vaccines are responsible for countless cases of autism, learning disabilities and death\u00bb, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03cd\u03c6\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd (House Health \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Human Services Committee), \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b6\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03b8\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03c3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 prototheme.gr \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u2019 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u2026<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"entry-content\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"entry-content\"><strong>\u03a0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae<\/strong>:&nbsp;<strong>\u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03ac\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013&nbsp;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.protothema.gr\/stories\/article\/1078813\/emvolia-kai-adiemvoliastes-mia-diamahi-220-eton\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">protothema.gr<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":50345,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0395\u03bc\u03b2\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 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