{"id":57897,"date":"2024-02-11T11:43:56","date_gmt":"2024-02-11T09:43:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/omathimatikos.gr\/?p=57897"},"modified":"2024-02-12T07:58:34","modified_gmt":"2024-02-12T05:58:34","slug":"10-%cf%83%cf%80%ce%bf%cf%85%ce%b4%ce%b1%ce%af%ce%b5%cf%82-%ce%b5%cf%80%ce%b9%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ae%ce%bc%ce%bf%ce%bd%ce%b5%cf%82-%cf%80%ce%bf%cf%85-%ce%ac%ce%bb%ce%bb%ce%b1%ce%be%ce%b1%ce%bd-%cf%84%ce%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/omathimatikos.gr\/?p=57897","title":{"rendered":"10 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<div class=\"column is-full is-relative\">\n<div class=\"wrap-article-header art--03\">\n<div class=\"columns is-multiline\">\n<div class=\"column is-full\">\n<div class=\"wrap-art-3-summ\">\n<blockquote>\n<h3 class=\"post-summary zonareg\">\u0388\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc\u03c1\u03c6\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7 \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae \u0397\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/h3>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column is-narrow is-hidden-touch\">\n<div class=\"half-width is-relative \">\n<div class=\"is-hidden-touch related-left\">\n<div class=\"vima-box single__related\">\n<header class=\"vima-box-header\">\n<h4 class=\"vimabox-tile manrope is-size-4 f-700\"><\/h4>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"row-post\">\n<div class=\"wrap-thumb\">\n<figure class=\" tile-image thumb-holder \"><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"column is-relative\">\n<div class=\"article-column\">\n<div class=\"single-article\">\n<div class=\"post-body main-content pos-rel article-wrapper\">\n<p>\u00ab\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u00ab\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7\u00bb \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 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\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf Yale \u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397\u00a0<strong>\u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03b8\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u0397\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u039a\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tovima.gr\/tag\/%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%B7\/\">\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c5\u03bc\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03ad\u03bb\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/tovima.gr\/tag\/%CE%B3%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BA%CE%B5%CF%82\/\">\u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bc\u03c6\u03c5\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2<\/strong>. \u0393\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.tovima.gr\/tag\/%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AE%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B5%CF%82\/\">\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2<\/a>\u00a0\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2.\u00a0<strong>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u03a1\u03cc\u03b6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a6\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA<\/h3>\n<p>\u0392\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf 1962, \u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u0399\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03bc\u03c2 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c4\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03a6\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03c3\u03b9\u03c2 \u039a\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03c2 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd\u00a0<strong>\u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA<\/strong>\u00a0\u03c4\u03bf 1953.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd. \u039a\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1. \u0397 \u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2-\u03ba\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c2,\u00a0<strong>\u03a1\u03cc\u03b6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a6\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd<\/strong>, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03be\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039b\u03bf\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u201950 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03cd\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7.\u00a0<strong>\u0397 \u03a1\u03cc\u03b6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03c4 \u03a6\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 DNA, \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03c6\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03a6\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03a7\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd. \u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf \u0393\u03bf\u03c5\u03af\u03bb\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bb\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c7\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Why discovery of DNA&#039;s double helix was based on &#039;rip-off&#039; of female scientist&#039;s data\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/lPLz4WeU8Qs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u039a\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf Birkbeck \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 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\u03b4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf.<strong>\u00a0\u03a4\u03bf 1901 \u03bc\u03c0\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. \u039a\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03b3\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf \u039b\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b2\u03b9\u03c7 \u039c\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c4\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd, \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 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\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00a0<strong>\u039b\u03af\u03b6\u03b5 \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03c4\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1<\/strong>\u00a0\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5. \u039a\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03c4\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bd-\u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The amazing life of Lise Meitner an inspiring scientist\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/uZZFG58G_jE?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03ae\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u00ab\u03b2\u03bf\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u00bb \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u0389\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03c4\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b1 \u039c\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u00abThe Woman Who Split the Atom. The Life of Lise Meitner\u00bb \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<strong>\u03b7 \u039c\u03ac\u03b9\u03c4\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03ae \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u0395\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03ba\u03c1\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd 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\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03b7 Claudine Monteil, \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03b7\u03bd \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af \u039a\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397\u00a0<strong>\u039c\u03b1\u03c1\u03af \u039a\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03af<\/strong>\u00a0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03be\u03b5\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 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\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Marie Curie - Scientist | Mini Bio | BIO\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ZEV4KJBJvEg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1891 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 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width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/78s1857RZsg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<h3>\u03a1\u03af\u03c4\u03b1 \u039b\u03ad\u03b2\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b9, \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u00ab<strong>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 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\u0392\u0384 \u03a0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03b5\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b6\u03af\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1969 \u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039a\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u0392\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u0395\u03b8\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc 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\u03b3\u03b7\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u039d\u03cc\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb<\/strong>\u00a0\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03be\u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 100 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3>\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 NASA<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397\u00a0<strong>\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong>\u00a0\u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 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\u03c5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u00ab<strong>\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u0391\u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 NASA, \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03b9\u03ac, \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u039c\u03ad\u03c1\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9 -\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u0386\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd \u03a3\u03ad\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd-, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf Apollo Lunar Module \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf Apollo command module \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 Apollo, \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA Trailblazer: Katherine Johnson | National Geographic\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/E4j_LpKzcZQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u038c\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a4\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03ad\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u2013 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u038c\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae, \u03bf \u0393\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5: \u00ab<strong>\u0391\u03bd \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03b7 \u03a4\u03b6\u03cc\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03c9<\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 Space Shuttle, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0386\u03c1\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u0392\u03bf\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03b8\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2. \u039a\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 NASA, Jim Bridenstine.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 2017 \u03b7 NASA \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ad\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u00abKatherine G. Johnson Computational Research Facility\u00bb, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ae\u03bd \u00ab\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 NASA\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Apollo 11<\/h3>\n<p>\u0397\u00a0<strong>20\u03b7 \u0399\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1969 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 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\u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03ac\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u00bb, \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u039d\u03b9\u03bb \u0386\u03c1\u03bc\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b3\u03ba. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9, \u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0393\u03b7 \u03b7\u00a0<strong>\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd<\/strong>\u00a0\u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Apollo 11.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2). \u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0394\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039c\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u0397\u03bb\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03a5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 MIT, \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf \u03bb\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c3\u03b1 \u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u039f \u03ba\u03ce\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf Apollo 11<\/strong>. \u0397 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03cc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03cc\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Apollo 11 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u00ab\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u00bb \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Margaret Hamilton - 2017 CHM Fellow\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/4sKY6_nBLG0?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 Wikipedia, \u03b7 \u03a7\u03ac\u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c8\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc: \u039f \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 (\u03ae \u03bc\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd) \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03ad\u03be\u03c5\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03cc,\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7, \u00ab\u0395\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 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\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 523, \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 1967 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b5\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b6\u03c9\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03a4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03b9\u03bf\u03bf\u03c5\u03b3\u03b9\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u00a0<strong>\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0388\u03bc\u03b9 \u039d\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039c\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd<\/h3>\n<p>\u0393\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u0386\u03bb\u03b3\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03a6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u03a4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2\u00a0<strong>\u03bf \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 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\u0388\u03c1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd \u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1922 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf 1933 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03be\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03a0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ba\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd, \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b2\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03cd \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03b3\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae,\u00a0<strong>\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039d\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1<\/strong>\u00a0\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Emmy Noether: The Greatest Forgotten Mathematician in History\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MxmDphojQUU?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03b5\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03c9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u00ab\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u039d\u03ad\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bc\u03c0\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00abNoether\u2019s Collected Papers\u00bb: \u00ab<strong>\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03b3\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b7<\/strong>. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h3>\u03a3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a0\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2<\/h3>\n<p>\u00ab\u039a\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u039d\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1, \u03bf \u0394\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u0391\u03ca\u03bd\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u038c\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03bb\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03af\u03b1 \u03bb\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf. \u039a\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03be\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u00bb \u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 2002 \u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03c4, \u03a4\u03b6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b9 \u039d\u03cc\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae. \u0397\u00a0<strong>\u03a3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a0\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd<\/strong>\u00a0\u03ad\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b7\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 25 \u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03bf\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b7 \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/B2PUStoc09A?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9 \u03ad\u03b2\u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03b5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2. \u039f \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03ad\u03bd\u03c1\u03b9 \u039d\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03bb \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd. \u03a0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a0\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03ba\u03b9\u03bf, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03ad\u03b2\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf 1929 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c1\u03b9\u03b6\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u00ab<strong>\u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 Miss Payne<\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5 \u00ab\u03c8\u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03ae\u00bb. \u0397 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a0\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u038c\u03c4\u03c4\u03bf \u03a3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03b2\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u00ab\u0391\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c4\u03bc\u03cc\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2: \u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb, \u03c9\u03c2 \u00ab<strong>\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03af\u03b1<\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p>\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03a3\u03b5\u03c3\u03af\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03a0\u03ad\u03b9\u03bd \u0393\u03ba\u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03af \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1 (\u03c4\u03bf \u039a\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b6 \u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03c7\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bb\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1948 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u03c0\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tovima.gr\/2024\/02\/11\/science\/10-spoudaies-epistimonisses-pou-allaksan-ton-kosmo\/\">https:\/\/www.tovima.gr<\/a>\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<!-- WP Attachments -->\r\n        <div style=\"width:100%;margin:10px 0 10px 0;\">\r\n            <h3>Attachments<\/h3>\r\n        <ul class=\"post-attachments\"><li class=\"post-attachment mime-image-png\"><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" href=\"https:\/\/omathimatikos.gr\/?p=57897&#038;download=57898\">emmy-noether<\/a> <small>(33 kB)<\/small><\/li><\/ul><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Attachments emmy-noether (33 kB)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":57898,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[33],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>10 \u03c3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 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